Symmetry Enforced Chiral Hinge States and Surface Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Axion Insulator ${\text{Bi}}_{2-x}{\text{Sm}}_x{\text{Se}}_3$

A universal mechanism to generate chiral hinge states in the ferromagnetic axion insulator phase is proposed, which leads to an exotic transport phenomena, the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) on some particular surfaces determined by both the crystalline symmetry and the magnetization direction. A realistic material system Sm doped ${\text{Bi}}_2{\text{Se}}_3$ is then proposed to realize such exotic hinge states by combing the first principle calculations and the Green’s function techniques. A physically accessible way to manipulate the surface QAHE is also proposed, which makes it very different from the QAHE in ordinary 2D systems.