Isoscalar Giant Monopole, Dipole, and Quadrupole Resonances in ${}^{90,92}$Zr and ${}^{92}$Mo

The isoscalar giant monopole, dipole, and quadrupole strength distributions have been deduced in ${}^{90,92}$Zr, and ${}^{92}$Mo from “background-free” spectra of inelastic $\alpha$-particle scattering at a beam energy of 385 MeV at extremely forward angles, including 0${}^{\circ }$. These strength distributions were extracted by a multipole-decomposition analysis based on the expected angular distributions of the respective multipoles. All these strength distributions for the three nuclei practically coincide with each other, affirming that giant resonances, being collective phenomena, are not influenced by nuclear shell structure near $A\sim$90, contrary to the claim in a recent measurement.