A Reduction Principle for the Critical Values of Random Spherical Harmonics

We study here the random fluctuations in the number of critical points with values in an interval $I\subset \mathbb{R}$ for Gaussian spherical eigenfunctions $\left\{f_{\mathrm{\ell }}\right\}$, in the high energy regime where $\mathrm{\ell }\to \mathrm{\infty }$. We show that these fluctuations are asymptotically equivalent to the centred $L^2$-norm of $\left\{f_{\mathrm{\ell }}\right\}$ times the integral of a (simple and fully explicit) function over the interval under consideration. We discuss also the relationships between these results and the asymptotic behaviour of other geometric functionals on the excursion sets of random spherical harmonics.