Determination of the Position of a Single Nuclear Spin from Free Nuclear Precessions Detected by a Solid-State Quantum Sensor

We report on a nanoscale quantum-sensing protocol which tracks a free precession of a single nuclear spin and is capable of estimating an azimuthal angle—a parameter which standard multipulse protocols cannot determine—of the target nucleus. Our protocol combines pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization, a phase-controlled radiofrequency pulse, and a multipulse AC sensing sequence with a modified readout pulse. Using a single nitrogen-vacancy center as a solid-state quantum sensor, we experimentally demonstrate this protocol on a single 13C nuclear spin in diamond and uniquely determine the lattice site of the target nucleus. Our result paves the way for magnetic resonance imaging at the single-molecular level.