Dirac surface states in superconductors: a dual topological proximity effect

In this paper we present scanning tunneling microscopy of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ with superconducting Nb deposited on the surface. We find that the topologically protected surface states of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ leak into the superconducting over-layer, suggesting a dual topological proximity effect. Coupling between theses states and the Nb states leads to an effective pairing mechanism for the surface states, leading to a modified model for a topological superconductor in these systems. This model is consistent with fits between the experimental data and the theory.