Localization for a one-dimensional split-step quantum walk with bound states robust against perturbations

For given two unitary and self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, a spectral mapping theorem was proved in \cite{HiSeSu}. In this paper, as an application of the spectral mapping theorem, we investigate the spectrum of a one-dimensional split-step quantum walk. We give a criterion for when there is no eigenvalues around $\pm 1$ in terms of a discriminant operator. We also provide a criterion for when eigenvalues $\pm 1$ exist in terms of birth eigenspaces. Moreover, we prove that eigenvectors from the birth eigenspaces decay exponentially at spatial infinity and that the birth eigenspaces are robust against perturbations.