QFT derivation of the decay law of an unstable particle with nonzero momentum

We present a quantum field theoretical derivation of the nondecay probability of an unstable particle with nonzero three-momentum $\mathbf{p}$. To this end, we use the (fully resummed) propagator of the unstable particle, denoted as $S,$ to obtain the energy probability distribution, called $d_{S}^{$\mathbf{p}$ }(E)$, as the imaginary part of the propagator. The nondecay probability amplitude of the particle $S$ with momentum $\mathbf{p}$ turns out to be, as usual, its Fourier transform: $a_{S}^{$\mathbf{p}$}(t)=\int_{\sqrt{m_{th} ^{2}+$\mathbf{p}$^{2}}}^{\infty}dEd_{S}^{$\mathbf{p}$}(E)e^{-iEt}$($m_{th}$ is the lowest energy threshold in the energy frame, corresponding to the sum of masses of the decay products). Upon a variable transformation, one can rewrite it as $a_{S}^{$\mathbf{p}$}(t)=\int_{m_{th}}^{\infty}dmd_{S} ^{$\mathbf{0}$}(m)e^{-i\sqrt{m_{th}^{2}+$\mathbf{p}$^{2}}t}$[here,$d_{S} ^{$\mathbf{0}$}(m)\equiv d_{S}(m)$ is the usual spectral function (or mass distribution) in the rest frame]. Hence, the latter expression, previously obtained by different approaches, is here confirmed in an independent and, most importantly, covariant QFT-based approach. Its consequences are not yet fully explored but appear to be quite surprising (such as the fact that usual time-dilatation formula does not apply), thus its firm understanding and investigation can be a fruitful subject of future research.