Non-Hamiltonian Dynamics of Quantized Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates

The dynamics of quantized vortices in weakly interacting superfluids are often modeled by a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation. In contrast, we show that quantized vortices in fact obey a non-Hamiltonian evolution equation, which enhances dispersion along the vortex line while introducing a gain mechanism. This allows the vortex medium to support a helical shock front propagating ahead of a dissipative soliton. This dynamic relaxes localized curvature events into Kelvin wave packets. Consequently, a beyond local induction model provides a pathway for decay in low-temperature quantum turbulence.