SCORCH. II. Radiation-Hydrodynamic simulations of reionization with varying radiation escape fractions

In the Simulations and Constructions of the Reionization of Cosmic Hydrogen (SCORCH) project, we present new radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with updated high-redshift galaxy populations and varying radiation escape fractions. The simulations are designed to have fixed Thomson optical depth $\tau \approx 0.06$, consistent with recent Planck observations, and similar midpoints of reionization $7.5\lesssim z\lesssim 8.0$, but with different ionization histories. The galaxy luminosity functions and ionizing photon production rates in our model are in good agreement with recent HST observations. Adopting a power-law form for the radiation escape fraction $f_{\text{esc}}(z)=f_8[(1+z)\mathrm{/}9{]}^{a_8}$, we simulate the cases for $a_8 = 0$,1,and2andfind$a_8 \lesssim 2$ in order to end reionization in the range $5.5\lesssim z\lesssim 6.5$ to be consistent with Lyman alpha forest observations. At fixed $\tau$ and as the power-law slope $a_8$ increases, the reionization process starts earlier but ends later with a longer duration $\mathrm{\Delta }z$ and the decreased redshift asymmetry $Az$. We find a range of durations $3.9\lesssim \mathrm{\Delta }z\lesssim 4.6$ that is currently in tension with the upper limit $\mathrm{\Delta }z<2.8$ inferred from a recent joint analysis of Planck and South Pole Telescope observations.