Quasi-PDFs and pseudo-PDFs

We discuss the physical nature of quasi-PDFs, especially the reasons for the strong nonperturbative evolution pattern which they reveal in actual lattice gauge calculations. We argue that quasi-PDFs may be treated as hybrids of PDFs and the rest-frame momentum distributions of partons. The latter is also responsible for the transverse momentum dependence of TMDs. The resulting convolution structure of quasi-PDFs necessitates using large probing momenta $p_3\gtrsim 3$ GeV to get reasonably close to the PDF limit. To deconvolute the rest-frame distribution effects, we propose to use a method based directly on the coordinate representation. We treat matrix elements $M(z_3,p_3)$ as distributions $\mathcal{M}(\nu ,z_3^2)$ depending on the Ioffe-time $\nu = p_3 z_3$andthedistanceparameter$z_3^2$. The rest-frame spatial distribution is given by $\mathcal{M}(0,z_3^2)$. Using the reduced Ioffe function ${\mathfrak M} (\nu, z_3^2) \equiv {\cal M} (\nu, z_3^2)/ {\cal M} (0, z_3^2)$ we divide out the rest frame effects,including the notorious link renormalization factors. The $\nu$-dependence remains intact and determines the shape of PDFs in the small $z_3$ region. The residual $z_3^2$ dependence of the ${\mathfrak M} (\nu, z_3^2)$isgovernedbyperturbativeevolution\mathrm{.}TheFouriertransformof${\cal M} (\nu, z_3^2)$producespseudo-PDFs${\cal P}(x, z_3^2)$ that generalize the light-front PDFs onto spacelike intervals. On the basis of these findings we propose a new method for extraction of PDFs from lattice calculations.