't Hooft mechanism, anomalous gauge U(1), and "invisible" axion from string

Among solutions of the strong CP problem, the “invisible” axion in the narrow axion window is argued to be the remaining possibility among natural solutions on the smallness of $\bar{\theta }$. Related to the gravity spoil of global symmetries, some prospective “invisible” axions from theory point of view are discussed. In all these discussions including the observational possibility and cosmological constraints, including a safe domain wall problem, must be included.