Dark Revelations of the $[SU(3){]}^3$ and $[SU(3){]}^4$ Gauge Extensions of the Standard Model

Two theoretically well-motivated gauge extensions of the standard model are $SU(3{)}_C\times SU(3{)}_L\times SU(3{)}_R$ and $SU(3)_q \times SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_l \times SU(3)_R$,where$SU(3)_q$isthesameas$SU(3)_C$and$SU(3)_l$isitscolorleptoniccounterpart\mathrm{.}Eachasthreevariations,accordingtohow$SU(3)_R$isbroken\mathrm{.}Itisshownhereforthefirsttimethatabuilt-indark$U(1)_D$ gauge symmetry exists in all six versions, and may be broken to discrete $Z_2$ dark parity. The available dark matter candidates in each case include fermions, scalars, as well as {\it vector gauge bosons}. This work points to the unity of matter with dark matter, the origin of which is not {\it ad hoc}.