On the rank of the flat unitary summand of the Hodge bundle

Let $f\text{\hspace{0.17em}⁣}:S\to B$ be a non-isotrivial fibred surface. We prove that the genus $g$, the rank $u_f$ of the unitary summand of the Hodge bundle $f_{\ast }{\omega }_f$ and the Clifford index $c_f$ satisfy the inequality $u_f \leq g - c_f$\mathrm{.}Moreover,weprovethatifthegeneralfibreisaplanecurveofdegree$\geq 5$thenthestrongerbound$u_f \leq g - c_f-1$ holds. In particular, this provides a strengthening of the bounds of \cite{BGN} and of \cite{FNP}. The strongholds of our arguments are the deformation techniques developed by the first author in \cite{Rigid} and by the third author and Pirola in \cite{PT}, which display here naturally their power and depht.