CM points on Shimura curves and $p$-adic binary quadratic forms

We prove that the set of CM points on the Shimura curve associated to an Eichler order inside an indefinite quaternion $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra, is in bijection with the set of certain classes of $p$-adic binary quadratic forms, where $p$ is a prime dividing the discriminant of the quaternion algebra. The classes of $p$-adic binary quadratic forms are obtain by the action of a discrete and cocompact subgroup of ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}}_2({\mathbb{Q}}_p)$ arising from the $p$-adic uniformization of the Shimura curve. We finally compute families of $p$-adic binary quadratic forms associated to an infinite family of Shimura curves studied in a previous paper of Amor'os-Milione. This extends results of Alsina-Bayer to the $p$-adic context.