Revisiting transportation problems under Monge costs with applications to location problems

We investigate the transportation problem under a Monge cost structure and derive compact formulas for optimal dual solutions based on the northwest-corner rule. As an application illustrating how these formulas yield structural insight while enhancing computational performance, we consider a broad class of facility location problems. In particular, the expressions are used within a Benders decomposition framework to derive novel formulations for the Discrete Ordered Median Problem with non-increasing weights. Numerical experiments validate that the resulting formulations achieve state-of-the-art performance and exhibit strong robustness across a wide range of instances.