Bridging Service Design, Visualizations, and Visual Analytics in Healthcare Digital Twins: Challenges, Gaps, and Research Opportunities

Digital twins (DT) are increasingly used in healthcare to model patients, processes, and physiological systems. While recent solutions leverage visualization, visual analytics, and user interaction, these systems rarely incorporate structured service design methodologies. Bridging service design with visual analytics and visualization can be valuable for the healthcare DT community. This paper aims to introduce the service design discipline to visualization researchers by framing this integration gap and suggesting research directions to enhance the real-world applicability of DT solutions.