${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ invariance of Germanene on MoS${}_2$ from first principles

We present a low energy Hamiltonian generalized to describe how the energy bands of germanene ($\overline{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}}$) are modified by interaction with a substrate or a capping layer. The parameters that enter the Hamiltonian are determined from first-principles relativistic calculations for $\rm \overline{Ge}|$MoS$_2$bilayersandMoS$_2|\rm \overline{Ge} |$MoS$_2$ trilayers and are used to determine the topological nature of the system. For the lowest energy, buckled germanene structure, the gap depends strongly on how germanene is oriented with respect to the MoS${}_2$ layer(s). Topologically non-trivial gaps for bilayers and trilayers can be almost as large as for a free-standing germanene layer.