A universal construction of $p$-typical Witt vectors of associative rings

For a prime $p$ and an associative ring $R$ with unity, there are various constructions of $p$-typical Witt vectors of $R$, all of which specialize to the classical $p$-typical Witt vectors when $R$ is commutative. These constructions are endowed with a Verschiebung operator $V$ and a Teichmüller map $⟨\cdot ⟩$, and they satisfy the property that the map $x\mapsto V⟨x^p⟩-p⟨x⟩$ is additive. In this paper, we adapt the group-theoretic universal characterization of classical $p$-typical Witt vectors proposed in arXiv:2405.12680 to the non-commutative setting. Our main result is that this approach yields a construction of Witt vectors for associative rings, denoted $E$, which specializes correctly to the classical Witt functor in the commutative case. The construction of $E$ is inspired by the Witt functor of Cuntz–Deninger, and we show that $E$ is a universal pre-Witt functor, subject to an explicit conjecture concerning non-commutative polynomials. We further introduce the notion of a Witt functor and construct a universal Witt functor $\widehat{E}$, which is closely related to Hesselholt’s Witt functor $W_H$. We suspect that $W_H$ is, in fact, the universal Morita-invariant Witt functor.