The central engines of Little Red Dots (LRDs) may be ``black hole stars" (BHs), early stages of black hole growth characterized by dense gas envelopes. So far, the most direct evidence for BHs comes from a handful of sources where the host galaxy is completely outshone as suggested by their remarkably steep Balmer breaks. Here we present a novel scheme to disentangle BHs from their host galaxies assuming that the [OIII]5008Å line arises exclusively from the host. Using a sample of 98 LRDs (~) with high quality NIRSpec/PRISM spectra, we demonstrate that the host-subtracted median stack displays a Balmer break stronger than massive quiescent galaxies, with the rest-optical continuum resembling a blackbody-like SED (~ K, ~ erg s, ~ au). We measure a steep Balmer decrement (H/H) and numerous density-sensitive features (e.g., FeII, HeI, OI). These are hallmark signatures of dense gas envelopes, providing population-level evidence that BHs indeed power LRDs. In the median LRD, BHs account for of the UV emission, at the Balmer break, and at wavelengths longer than H with the remainder arising from the host. BHs preferentially reside in low-mass galaxies (~) undergoing recent starbursts, as evidenced by extreme emission line EWs (e.g., [OIII]5008Å~Å, CIII]~Å), thereby favoring BH* origins linked to star-formation. We show V-shaped LRD selections are biased to high BH*/host fractions ( at 5500Å) – less dominant BHs may be powering JWST’s blue broad-line AGN. We find BHs are so commonplace and transient (duty cycle , lifetime Myrs) that every massive black hole may have once shone as a BH*.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

生成AI智能校验的中文版本