Analytic properties of the electromagnetic Green's function

The electromagnetic Green’s function is expressed from the inverse Helmholtz operator, where a second frequency has been introduced as a new degree of freedom. The first frequency results from the frequency decomposition of the electromagnetic field while the second frequency is associated with the dispersion of the dielectric permittivity. Then, it is shown that the electromagnetic Green’s function is analytic with respect to these two complex frequencies as soon as they have positive imaginary part. Such analytic properties are also extended to complex wavevectors. Next, Kramers-Kronig expressions for the inverse Helmholtz operator and the electromagnetic Green’s function are derived. In addition, these Kramers-Kronig expressions are shown to correspond to the classical eigengenmodes expansion of the Green’s function established in simple situations. Finally, the second frequency introduced as a new degree of freedom is exploited to characterize non-dispersive systems.