Atomic parity violation in highly charged ${}^{40,48}$Ca and ${}^{208}$Pb ions

We calculate parity-violation-induced E1 amplitudes for the $1s\to 2s$ and $1s^{2}2s\to 1s^{2}3s$ transitions in H- and Li-like ions of ${}^{40}$Ca, ${}^{48}$Ca, and ${}^{208}$Pb. In our analysis, we account for neutron skin effects and nuclear uncertainties for each nucleus. We consider the spin-independent weak-interaction contribution of the $Z^0$ boson described by standard model, as well as the effects of a hypothetical new $Z^{\mathrm{\prime }}$ boson of varying mass. We conclude that the neutron-skin corrections in the ${}^{40,48}$Ca isotope pair can mostly be neglected when considering $Z^{\mathrm{\prime }}$ boson effects, which is an advantage for the search for new parity-violating physics. On the other hand, both the neutron skin effect and the sensitivity to hypothetical $Z^{\mathrm{\prime }}$ interactions in ${}^{208}$Pb is shown to be significant.