TeV Lepton Number Violation: From Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay to the LHC

We analyze the sensitivity of next-generation tonne-scale neutrinoless double $\beta$-decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) experiments and searches for same-sign di-electrons plus jets at the Large Hadron Collider to TeV scale lepton number violating interactions. Taking into account previously unaccounted for physics and detector backgrounds at the LHC, renormalization group evolution, and long-range contributions to $0\nu \beta \beta$ nuclear matrix elements, we find that the reach of tonne-scale $0\nu \beta \beta$ generally exceeds that of the LHC. However, for a range of heavy particle masses near the TeV scale, the high luminosity LHC and tonne-scale $0\nu \beta \beta$ may provide complementary probes.