Perfect codes in the lp metric

We investigate perfect codes in ${\mathbb{Z}}^n$ under the ${\mathrm{\ell }}_p$ metric. Upper bounds for the packing radius $r$ of a linear perfect code, in terms of the metric parameter $p$ and the dimension $n$ are derived. For $p=2$ and $n = 2, 3$, we determine all radii for which there are linear perfect codes. The non-existence results for codes in ${\mathbb{Z}}^n$ presented here imply non-existence results for codes over finite alphabets ${\mathbb{Z}}_q$, when the alphabet size is large enough, and has implications on some recent constructions of spherical codes.