Origin of Low-Lying Enhanced E1 Strength in Rare-Earth Nuclei

The experimental $E1$ strength distribution below 4 MeV in rare-earth nuclei suggests a local breaking of isospin symmetry. In addition to the octupole states, additional $1^{-}$ states with enhanced E1 strength have been observed in rare-earth nuclei by means of ($\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\mathrm{\prime }}$) experiments. By reproducing the experimental results, the spdf interacting boson model calculations provide further evidence for the formation of an $\alpha$ cluster in medium-mass nuclei and might provide a new understanding of the origin of low-lying E1 strength.