Monopole excitations of a harmonically trapped one-dimensional Bose gas from the ideal gas to the Tonks-Girardeau regime

Using a time-dependent modified nonlinear Schr"odinger equation (m-NLSE) – where the conventional chemical potential proportional to the density is replaced by the one inferred from Lieb-Liniger’s exact solution – we study frequencies of the collective monopole excitations of a one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas. We find that our method accurately reproduces the results of a recent experimental study [E. Haller et al., Science Vol. 325, 1224 (2009)] in the full spectrum of interaction regimes from the ideal gas, through the mean-field regime, through the mean-field Thomas-Fermi regime, all the way to the Tonks-Giradeau gas. While the former two are accessible by the standard time-dependent NLSE and inaccessible by the time-dependent local density approximation (LDA), the situation reverses in the latter case. However, the m-NLSE treats all these regimes within a single numerical method.