On the Oort conjecture for Shimura varieties of unitary and orthogonal types

In this paper we study the Oort conjecture on Shimura subvarieties contained generically in the Torelli locus in the Siegel modular variety ${\mathcal{A}}_g$. Using the poly-stability of Higgs bundles on curves and the slope inequality of Xiao on fibred surfaces, we show that a Shimura curve $C$ is not contained generically in the Torelli locus if its canonical Higgs bundles contains a unitary Higgs subbundle of rank at least $(4g+2)\mathrm{/}5$. From this we prove that a Shimura subvariety of $\mathbf{S}\mathbf{U}(n,1)$-type is not contained generically in the Torelli locus when a numerical inequality holds, which involves the genus $g$, the dimension $n+1$, the degree $2d$ of CM field of the Hermitian space, and the type of the symplectic representation defining the Shimura subdatum. A similar result holds for Shimura subvarieties of $\mathbf{S}\mathbf{O}(n,2)$-type, defined by spin groups associated to quadratic spaces over a totally real number field of degree at least 6 subject to some natural constraints of signatures.