What Determines the Fermi Wave Vector of Composite Fermions?

Composite fermions (CFs), exotic particles formed by pairing an even number of flux quanta to each electron, provide a fascinating description of phenomena exhibited by interacting two-dimensional electrons at high magnetic fields. At and near Landau level filling $\nu =1\mathrm{/}2$, CFs occupy a Fermi sea and exhibit commensurability effects when subjected to a periodic potential modulation. We observe a pronounced asymmetry in the magnetic field positions of the commensurability resistance minima of CFs with respect to the field at $\nu =1\mathrm{/}2$. This unexpected asymmetry is quantitatively consistent with the CFs’ Fermi wave vector being determined by the $\mathit{\text{minority}}$ carriers in the lowest Landau level. Our data indicate a breaking of the particle-hole symmetry for CFs near $\nu =1\mathrm{/}2$.