Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl$_{1-x}$Bi$_{1+x}$Se$_2$

We report the observation of two-dimensional Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations in the topological insulator Tl $_{1 - x}$ Bi $_{1 + x}$ Se $_{2}$ . Hall effect measurements exhibited electron-hole inversion in samples with bulk insulating properties. The SdH oscillations accompanying the hole conduction yielded a large surface carrier density of $n_{\rm{s}}=5.1 \times10^{12} $/ c m$ ^2 $, w i t h t h e L a n d a u - l e v e l f a n d i a g r a m e x h i b i t i n g t h e$ \pi$ Berry phase. These results showed the electron-hole reversibility around the in-gap Dirac point and the hole conduction on the surface Dirac cone without involving the bulk metallic conduction.

Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl $_{1 - x}$ Bi $_{1 + x}$ Se $_{2}$

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Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl $_{1 - x}$ Bi $_{1 + x}$ Se $_{2}$

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Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl1−x1−x​Bi1+x1+x​Se22​

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Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl1−x1−x​Bi1+x1+x​Se22​

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Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl $_{1 - x}$ Bi $_{1 + x}$ Se $_{2}$

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Surface Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and non-zero Berry phases of the topological hole conduction in Tl $_{1 - x}$ Bi $_{1 + x}$ Se $_{2}$

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