Coordination-resolved scoping of local bond relaxation and electron binding-energy shift

Complementing STM/S, U/XPS, and APECS, BOLS-NEP theory enabled ZPS (USA patent) distils atomistic, dynamic, local, and quantitative information of bond relaxation and associated energetics, localization, quantum entrapment, and polarization of electrons associated with adatoms, point defects, terrace edges, monolayer skins, nanocrystals, impurities, and interfaces. Distilled entitles dominate ubiquitously and will propel the ill-coordination Chemistry and Physics.