A graph is said to be -free if it does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to . The fish graph, denoted by , is a vertex graph obtained from a cycle of length and a triangle by sharing a common vertex. Earlier it is shown that holds for all free graphs of odd size and the equality holds if and only if where is the edge book graph where denotes the join of and Let denote the family of -free graphs with edges and no isolated vertices. We write for the corresponding subfamily obtained by excluding the book graph. In this paper, we establish a sharp upper bound on the spectral radius of graphs over for odd and characterize the unique extremal graph attaining this bound.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

生成AI智能校验的中文版本