Prime ideals and regular sequences of symmetric polynomials

Let S=K[x_1,…,x_n] be a polynomial ring. Denote by $p_a$ the power sum symmetric polynomial x_1^a+…+x_n^a. We consider the following two questions: Describe the subsets $A\subset \mathbb{N}$ such that the set of polynomials $p_a$ with $a\in A$ generate a prime ideal in S or the set of polynomials $p_a$ with $a\in A$ is a regular sequence in S. We produce a large families of prime ideals by exploiting Serre’s criterion for normality [4, Theorem 18.15] with the help of arithmetic considerations, vanishing sums of roots of unity [9]. We also deduce several other results concerning regular sequences of symmetric polynomials.