Hyperbolicity and fundamental groups of complex quasi-projective varieties (III): applications

This paper is Part III of a series of three. We begin by introducing the notion of $h$-special varieties, which can be seen as varieties “chain-connected by the Zariski closures of entire curves.” We prove that if $X$ is either a special complex quasi-projective variety in the sense of Campana or an $h$-special variety, then for any linear representation $\varrho :{\pi }_1(X)\to {\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}}_N(\mathbb{C})$, the image $\varrho ({\pi }_1(X))$ is virtually nilpotent. We also provide examples showing that this result is sharp, leading to a revised form of Campana’s abelianity conjecture for smooth quasi-projective varieties. In addition, we prove a structure theorem for quasi-projective varieties with big and semisimple representations of the fundamental groups, thereby addressing a conjecture by Kollár in 1995. We also construct several examples of quasi-projective varieties that are special and $h$-special, highlighting certain atypical properties of the non-compact case in contrast with the projective setting.