Lower bounds on nodal sets of eigenfunctions via the heat flow

We study the size of nodal sets of Laplacian eigenfunctions on compact Riemannian manifolds without boundary and recover the currently optimal lower bound by comparing the heat flow of the eigenfunction with that of an artifically constructed diffusion process. The same method should apply to a number of other questions; for example, we prove a sharp result saying that a nodal domain cannot be entirely contained in a small neighbourhood of a ‘reasonably flat’ surface. We expect the arising concepts to have more connections to classical theory and pose some conjectures in that direction.