Collective effects at frictional interfaces

We discuss the role of the long-range elastic interaction between the contacts inside an inhomogeneous frictional interface. The interaction produces a characteristic elastic correlation length ${\lambda }_c=a^{2}E\mathrm{/}{k}_c$ (where $a$ is the distance between the contacts, $k_c$ is the elastic constant of a contact, and $E$ is the Young modulus of the sliding body), below which the slider may be considered as a rigid body. The strong inter-contact interaction leads to a narrowing of the effective threshold distribution for contact breaking and enhances the chances for an elastic instability to appear. Above the correlation length, $r>{\lambda }_c$, the interaction leads to screening of local perturbations in the interface, or to appearance of collective modes — frictional cracks propagating as solitary waves.