Schur Connections: Chord Counting, Line Operators, and Indices

Recently, an intriguing correspondence was conjectured in arXiv:2409.11551 between Schur half-indices of pure 4d $SU(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with line operator insertions and partition functions of the double scaling limit of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model (DSSYK). Motivated by this, we explore a generalization to $SU(N)$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ SYM theories. We begin by deriving the algebra of line operators, ${\mathcal{A}}_{\text{Schur}}$, representing it both in terms of the $\mathfrak{q}$-Weyl algebra and $\mathfrak{q}$-deformed harmonic oscillators, respectively. In the latter framework, the half-index admits a natural description as an expectation value in the Fock space of the oscillators. This $\mathfrak{q}$-oscillator perspective further suggests an interpretation in terms of generalized colored chord counting, and maps the half-index to a purely combinatorial quantity. Finally, we establish a connection with the quantum Toda chain, which is an integrable model whose commuting Hamiltonians can be identified with the Wilson lines of the $SU(N)$ SYM, and their eigenfunctions correspond to the function basis appearing in the half-index.