Extensions of Abelian Schemes and the Additive Group

We compute extension sheaves of abelian schemes and of the additive group by the multiplicative group in the fppf topology. Our main results include a generalized and streamlined proof of the Barsotti–Weil formula, the vanishing of ${\underset{}{\mathrm{Ext}}}^2(A,{\mathbb{G}}_m)$ for an abelian scheme $A$ over a general base, and a description of ${\underset{}{\mathrm{Ext}}}^1({\mathbb{G}}_a,{\mathbb{G}}_m)$ in characteristic zero.