On a vanishing theorem for surfaces

We propose a new formulation of a vanishing theorem for surfaces. Although this vanishing theorem follows easily from the well-known Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem, it turns out to be remarkably useful. In particular, it is sufficient for the minimal model theory of log surfaces, and it allows one to carry out both the minimal model program and the abundance theorem for log surfaces without invoking any of the deeper vanishing theorems.