Pfister's theorem fails in the free case

Artin solved Hilbert’s ${17}^{th}$ problem by showing that every positive semidefinite polynomial can be realized as a sum of squares of rational functions. Pfister gave a bound on the number of squares of rational functions: if $p$ is a positive semi-definite polynomial in $n$ variables, then there is a polynomial $q$ so that $q^{2}p$ is a sum of at most $2^n$ squares. As shown by D’Angelo and Lebl, the analog of Pfister’s theorem fails in the case of Hermitian polynomials. Specifically, it was shown that the rank of any multiple of the polynomial $\mathrm{\parallel }z{\mathrm{\parallel }}^{2d}\equiv ({\sum }_j\mathrm{\mid }{z}_j{\mathrm{\mid }}^2{)}^d$ is bounded below by a quantity depending on $d$. Here we prove that a similar result holds in a free $\ast$-algebra.