Perturbative and Nonperturbative Kolmogorov Turbulence in a Gluon Plasma

In numerical simulations of nonabelian plasma instabilities in the hard-loop approximation, a turbulent spectrum has been observed that is characterized by a phase-space density of particles $n(p)\sim p^{-\nu }$ with exponent $\nu\simeq 2$,whichislargerthanexpectedfromrelativistic$2\leftrightarrow 2$ scatterings. Using the approach of Zakharov, L’vov and Falkovich, we analyse possible Kolmogorov coefficients for relativistic $(m\ge 4)$-particle processes, which give at most $\nu =5\mathrm{/}3$ perturbatively for an energy cascade. We discuss nonperturbative scenarios which lead to larger values. As an extreme limit we find the result $\nu =5$ generically in an inherently nonperturbative effective field theory situation, which coincides with results obtained by Berges et al.\ in large-$N$ scalar field theory. If we instead assume that scaling behavior is determined by Schwinger-Dyson resummations such that the different scaling of bare and dressed vertices matters, we find that intermediate values are possible. We present one simple scenario which would single out $\nu =2$.