Exact Yrast Spectra of Cold Atoms on a Ring

We propose a methodology to construct excited states with a fixed angular momentum, namely, “yrast excited states” of finite-size one-dimensional bosonic systems with periodic boundary conditions. The excitation energies such as the first yrast excited energy are calculated through the system-size asymptotic expansion and expressed analytically by dressed energy. Interestingly, they are grouped into sets of almost degenerate energy levels. The low-lying excitation spectrum near the yrast state is consistent with the $U(1)$ conformal field theories if the total angular momentum is given by an integral multiple of particle number; i.e., if the system is supercurrent.