Thermodynamic transition associated with irregularly ordered ground states in a lattice gas model

A two-dimensional lattice gas model is proposed. The ground state of this model with a fixed density is neither periodic nor quasi-periodic. It also depends on system size in an irregular manner. On the other hand, it is ordered in the sense that the entropy density is zero in the thermodynamic limit. The existence of a thermodynamic transition associated with such irregularly ordered ground states is conjectured from a duality relation for a thermodynamic function. This conjecture is supported by a phenomenological argument and numerical experiments.