Low-Rank Solvers for Energy-Conserving Hamiltonian Boundary Value Methods

We study energy-conserving Hamiltonian Boundary Value Methods (HBVMs) for Hamiltonian systems, which arise in applications where long-term preservation of energy and symplecticity is essential. HBVMs are multi-stage schemes whose stage equations reformulate as matrix equations with a low-rank right-hand side. For linear systems, we exploit this structure directly via Krylov projection solvers. For nonlinear systems, we leverage it within simplified Newton iterations and as a preconditioner in a Newton–Krylov framework, combined with adaptive time-stepping for robust convergence. Numerical experiments on semi-discretized wave equations demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach.