Driven polymer translocation through nanopores: slow versus fast dynamics

We investigate the dynamics of polymer translocation through nanopores under external driving by 3D Langevin Dynamics simulations, focusing on the scaling of the average translocation time $\tau$ versus the length of the polymer, $\tau \sim N^{\alpha }$. For slow translocation, i.e., under low driving force and/or high friction, we find $\alpha \approx 1+\nu \approx 1.588$ where $\nu$ denotes the Flory exponent. In contrast, $\alpha \approx 1.37$ is observed for fast translocation due to the highly deformed chain conformation on the trans side, reflecting a pronounced non-equilibrium situation. The dependence of the translocation time on the driving force is given by $\tau \sim F^{-1}$ and $\tau \sim F^{-0.80}$ for slow and fast translocation, respectively. These results clarify the controversy on the magnitude of the scaling exponent $\alpha$ for driven translocation.