Plasticity-Induced Anisotropy in Amorphous Solids: the Bauschinger Effect

Amorphous solids that underwent a strain in one direction such that they responded in a plastic manner remember' that direction also when relaxed back to a state with zero mean stress. We address the question what is the order parameter that is responsible for this memory?’ and is therefore the reason for the different subsequent responses of the material to strains in different directions. We identify such an order parameter which is readily measurable, we discuss its trajectory along the stress-strain curve, and propose that it and its probability distribution function must form a necessary component of a theory of elasto-plasticity.