Let m and n>0 be integers. Suppose that p is a prime dividing m−4 but
not dividing m. We show that νp(∑k=0n−1mk(k2k))
and νp(∑k=0n−1(kn−1)(−1)kmk(k2k)) are at
least νp(n), where νp(x) denotes the p-adic valuation of x.
Furthermore, if p>3 then
n−1k=0∑n−1mk\bi2kk=4n−1(n−12n−1)(modpνp(m−4)) and
n−1k=0∑n−1(kn−1)(−1)kmk(k2k)=4n−1Cn−1(modpνp(m−4)), where Ck denotes the Catalan number
(k2k)/(k+1).
This implies several conjectures of Guo and Zeng [GZ]. We also raise two
conjectures, and prove that n>1 is a prime if and only if
k=0∑n−1multinomial(n−1)kk,...,k=0(modn), where
multinomialk1+...+kn−1k1,...,kn−1 denotes the multinomial
coefficient (k1+...+kn−1)!/(k1!...kn−1!).