Holographic origin of $a$-maximization and higher-derivative AdS${}_5$/CFT${}_4$

We develop a consistent partially off-shell framework for evaluating higher-derivative actions of five-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=\mathcal{1}$ gauged supergravity with abelian vector multiplets on AdS${}_5$. Using the superconformal formalism, we show that the resulting holographic expression reproduces the trial $a$-anomaly coefficient of the dual conformal field theory, identifying the supergravity equations of motion with $a$-maximization. We present an exact correspondence between Chern-Simons couplings and the anomaly polynomial of the boundary theory. We illustrate our proposal by applying it to all known two- and four-derivative actions, including the ``off-diagonal’’ invariants never before considered in the gauged supergravity literature. Finally, we argue that all invariants beyond four-derivative yield no genuinely new contributions to asymptotically AdS${}_5$ BPS backgrounds, but instead reduce to linear combinations of the established two- and four-derivative actions.