Mesoscopic quantum switching of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice governed by the parity of the number of atoms

It is shown that for a $N$-boson system the parity of $N$ can be responsible for a qualitative difference in the system response to variation of a parameter. The nonlinear boson model is considered, which describes tunneling of boson pairs between two distinct modes $X_{1,2}$ of the same energy and applies to a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. By varying the lattice depth one induces the parity-dependent quantum switching, i.e. $X_1\to X_2$foreven$N$and$X_1\to X_1$forodd$N$,forarbitrarilylarge$N$. A simple scheme is proposed for observation of the parity effect on the $\mathit{\text{mesoscopic}}\mathit{\text{scale}}$ by using the bounce switching regime, which is insensitive to the initial state preparation (as long as only one of the two $X_l$ modes is significantly populated), stable under small perturbations and requires an experimentally accessible coherence time.