Splitting of transmission peak due to the hole symmetry breaking

We studied experimentally and theoretically the optical transmission through asymmetrical holes of a metal film, which is constructed by introducing small protuberances to the sides of individual square holes. Due to the symmetry breaking of hole shape, an interesting transmission feature appears: both the Ag-glass (1, 0) and Ag-glass (1, 1) peaks split distinctly. Detailed studies indicate that the peak splitting is actually associated with the two asymmetrical waveguide surface-plasmon (WSP) modes confined on the surface of opposite hole walls. The finding demonstrates the crucial role of WSP modes and enriches our understanding of the phenomenon.