Some results on dynamical black holes

We give indications that outer future trapping horizons play a role in the particular semi-classical instability of an evolving black hole that produces the Hawking’s radiation. These are obtained with the use of the Hamilton-Jacobi tunneling method. It automatically selects one special expression for the surface gravity of a changing horizon, the one defined a decade ago by Hayward using Kodama’s theory of spherically symmetric gravitational fields. The method also applies to point masses embedded in an expanding universe and to general, spherically symmetric black holes.