A trace formula for varieties over a discretely valued field

We study the motivic Serre invariant of a smoothly bounded algebraic or rigid variety $X$ over a complete discretely valued field $K$ with perfect residue field $k$. If $K$ has characteristic zero, we extend the definition to arbitrary $K$-varieties using Bittner’s presentation of the Grothendieck ring and a process of N'eron smoothening of pairs of varieties. The motivic Serre invariant can be considered as a measure for the set of unramified points on $X$. Under certain tameness conditions, it admits a cohomological interpretation by means of a trace formula. In the curve case, we use T. Saito’s geometric criterion for cohomological tameness to obtain more detailed results. We discuss some applications to Weil-Ch^atelet groups, Chow motives, and the structure of the Grothendieck ring.